Sustainability

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UAE Federal Decree-Law No. 11 of 2024: What Every Business Needs to Know Before the Compliance Deadline

ESG, Sustainability, UAE Climate Law /

UAE Federal Decree-Law No. 11 of 2024: What Every Business Needs to Know Before the Compliance Deadline The UAE has enacted the most significant climate legislation in its history. Does your business know what it must do — and by when? On 28 August 2024, the UAE President issued Federal Decree-Law No. (11) of 2024 on the Reduction of Climate Change Effects. The law entered into force nine months later, on 30 May 2025. With the full compliance deadline now set for 30 May 2026, businesses across the UAE have a narrow window to get their houses in order. This is not a voluntary framework, an ESG aspiration, or a reporting exercise confined to large multinationals. It is a legally binding federal law — the first of its kind in the MENA region — that applies to public and private entities across the UAE mainland and free zones. Non-compliance carries financial penalties of up to AED 2,000,000, doubling for repeat violations. In this post, we break down exactly what the law says, who it applies to, what obligations it creates, and what practical steps your business should be taking right now. What Is Federal Decree-Law No. 11 of 2024? Federal Decree-Law No. (11) of 2024 on the Reduction of Climate Change Effects is the UAE’s primary legal instrument for managing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and building national resilience to climate change. It was issued under the authority of the President of the United Arab Emirates and approved by the Cabinet. The law sits at the heart of the UAE’s climate ambition — specifically its commitment to achieving Net Zero by 2050 and its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Hosting COP28 in 2023 placed the UAE under significant international scrutiny, and this legislation represents a concrete step towards translating those commitments into enforceable domestic obligations. Key Facts at a Glance  📅  Issued: 28 August 2024 ⚡  Entered into force: 30 May 2025 ⏰  Full compliance deadline: 30 May 2026 🏛️  Regulator: Ministry of Climate Change and Environment (MOCCAE) 🌍  Scope: All UAE entities — mainland and free zones ⚖️  Maximum penalty: AED 2,000,000 (doubled for repeat violations) Who Does It Apply To? Article 3 of the law is unambiguous: the provisions apply to “sources” across the UAE, including free zones. A “source” is defined broadly as any public or private legal person, as well as individual enterprises, whose operations or activities result in the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In practice, this means the law has wide reach. If your business operations generate GHG emissions — whether through energy consumption, manufacturing processes, transport fleets, refrigerants, or any other activity — you are likely a source and are subject to the law. The specific sources required to measure, report and verify their emissions are determined by MOCCAE and the competent authority (the relevant local authority or free zone regulator in each emirate). If you have not yet been notified by your regulator, that does not mean the law does not apply to you — it means you should be taking proactive steps to assess your position now. The Six Core Obligations Under the Law The law creates a set of interconnected obligations for businesses. We have grouped them into six areas: 1. Measure Your Emissions (Article 6) Sources must measure the GHG emissions generated by their activities on a regular basis. The law covers the main greenhouse gases defined in the IPCC framework: carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆). You must prepare an emissions inventory — a structured database of the emissions you produce, the measures you are taking to reduce them, and the expected results. Records of measured emission quantities must be maintained for a minimum of five years from the date of each analysis, and must be accessible to authorised MOCCAE officials. 2. Report to MOCCAE (Article 6) Beyond measurement, sources must submit periodic reports to MOCCAE and the competent authority. These reports cover: MOCCAE is in the process of establishing an electronic MRV (Measurement, Reporting and Verification) platform through which this data will be submitted. The Ministry collects and analyses emission data and reduction measures on an annual basis. 3. Reduce Your Emissions (Articles 4 and 5) Sources are required to contribute to reducing their emissions in order to achieve climate neutrality. The law sets out eight approved means of achieving this: The Cabinet, on a proposal from MOCCAE, will set annual sector-by-sector emission reduction targets aligned with the national pathway to climate neutrality. These targets will be reviewed and updated periodically. 4. Develop a Climate Adaptation Plan (Article 7) Beyond mitigation, the law requires the development and implementation of climate adaptation plans. These plans must cover: Competent authorities and entities are required to report data on economic and non-economic losses and damages resulting from climate change impacts to MOCCAE, which feeds into international reporting obligations under the UNFCCC. 5. Verify Your Data (Article 6) MOCCAE and the competent authority have the power to verify the accuracy of emissions data and assess the extent to which sources are complying with their reporting obligations. While the law does not explicitly mandate private third-party auditors for all sources, best practice and evolving regulatory guidance strongly suggests that independent verification of your emissions inventory will be an expectation — particularly for larger emitters. 6. Establish Governance (Articles 9 and 12) The law provides for the Cabinet to establish Climate Action Boards or Committees comprising representatives from federal and local government and the private sector. For businesses, this signals the importance of establishing internal governance structures around climate compliance — ensuring Board-level accountability, cross-functional teams, and clear policies. The Penalties: Why This Cannot Be Ignored Article 15 sets out the financial consequences of non-compliance. Any source that violates the core obligations under Article 6 — which covers measurement, reporting, data submission and record-keeping — will face: Penalties for Non-Compliance   First offence:        AED 50,000

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Building a Strategic ESG Audit Plan: Moving Beyond Compliance to Value Creation

ESG, Internal Audit, Risk, Sustainability, Sustainability, UAE Climate Law, Uncategorized /

Building a Strategic ESG Audit Plan: Moving Beyond Compliance to Value Creation In an era where sustainability commitments can make or break corporate reputation, Internal Audit functions face a critical evolution. The days of treating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics as mere compliance checkboxes are over. Today’s internal auditors must become strategic partners, applying the same rigor to non-financial data that they’ve long applied to financial statements. The Maturity Assessment Imperative Before diving into specific audit targets, organizations must first understand where they stand. This begins with a comprehensive maturity assessment that examines three critical dimensions: strategy alignment, governance structures, and control frameworks. The strategy review asks fundamental questions: Does a sustainability strategy exist, and is it genuinely integrated into broader corporate objectives, or does it live in isolation? At the governance level, boards must define clear oversight responsibilities—whether through dedicated sustainability committees or expanded audit committee charters. The gap analysis that follows identifies where existing controls can be leveraged and where new Internal Control over Sustainability Reporting (ICSR) frameworks must be built from scratch. Materiality as the North Star The concept of double materiality has transformed how organizations prioritize ESG risks. Auditors must now identify issues through two lenses simultaneously: impact materiality (how the organization affects people and the environment) and financial materiality (how ESG issues affect the company’s financial health). This dual perspective helps define the audit universe—the comprehensive map of potentially auditable areas spanning business units, supply chain programs, carbon tracking systems, and stakeholder engagement processes. The key is polling a wide base of internal and external stakeholders to surface the issues that truly matter for long-term success, not just those that generate positive press releases. Risk-Based Prioritization in Action An effective ESG audit plan must be grounded in documented risk assessment, updated at least annually. Three factors should drive prioritization decisions. First, regulatory drivers demand attention. With frameworks like the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and SEC climate disclosure rules reshaping the landscape, auditors must focus where legal pressure is greatest. Second, quantifiable impact matters—whether that’s direct financial implications from carbon pricing, reputational stakes tied to diversity metrics, or exposure to extreme external volatility. Most importantly, auditors must identify the “say-do” gap: the dangerous distance between public commitments and operational reality. When a company pledges “Net-Zero by 2030” without a documented, funded roadmap, that gap becomes a litigation risk waiting to materialize. Choosing the Right Engagement Model Internal audit teams typically employ three complementary approaches to ESG work. Embedded audits integrate sustainability criteria into existing programs—for instance, examining diversity metrics during routine HR audits. Thematic reviews take a horizontal view, examining specific issues like waste management across all global facilities. Deep-dive audits provide substantive vertical examination of high-risk projects, such as comprehensive walkthroughs of Scope 3 emission calculations. The choice of model depends on organizational maturity, resource availability, and the specific risks being addressed. Bridging the Skills Gap Perhaps the most significant challenge facing audit teams is technical expertise. Traditional financial auditors rarely possess deep knowledge of climate science, human rights due diligence, or specialized IT controls for sustainability data. Organizations must choose between upskilling existing staff, recruiting from operational departments like environmental health and safety, or co-sourcing with external technical experts. The Path Forward The final audit plan must be more than a static document. Each engagement requires defined purpose and preliminary scope. The Chief Audit Executive must secure board and senior management approval, demonstrating how the plan supports strategic objectives. Most critically, the plan must remain flexible enough to respond to rapidly evolving regulations and emerging risks—from biodiversity loss to nature-positive commitments. As ESG moves from the periphery to the core of corporate strategy, internal audit functions have an unprecedented opportunity to add value. By treating sustainability data with the same rigor as financial information and focusing resources where the say-do gap is widest, auditors can help their organizations transform public commitments into operational reality. The question is no longer whether to audit ESG, but how strategically and effectively that audit work will be executed. Ready to build a strategic, risk-based ESG audit plan? Contact Endurisk Advisory to discuss how our risk assessment, governance expertise, and Outsourced CSO services can help you move beyond compliance to value creation

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Integrity in Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs): A Business Guide to Trustworthy Climate Action

Carbon Credits, Climate Risks, ESG, Sustainability /

Integrity in Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs) The Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) has grown into a key mechanism for mobilizing private capital to address climate change. Yet its credibility is under scrutiny. Concerns about greenwashing, inconsistent standards, and ineffective projects threaten to undermine trust. At the center of efforts to rebuild confidence is the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM), which has introduced the Core Carbon Principles (CCPs). These principles set a global benchmark for what high-integrity carbon credits must represent: real, verifiable, and socially responsible climate outcomes. Integrity is not a box to be ticked—it is the foundation upon which the VCM’s future rests. The Three Pillars of Integrity in VCMs The ICVCM’s CCPs are structured across three critical pillars: 1. Governance: Accountability and Transparency Carbon-crediting programs must demonstrate: 2. Emissions Impact: Real and Durable Climate Benefits Every carbon credit must rest on scientific and financial rigor: 3. Sustainable Development: Beyond Carbon Carbon credits must generate co-benefits and uphold safeguards: A Roadmap for Businesses: Ensuring Integrity in Carbon Credit Procurement For companies, translating principles into practice requires a structured approach. Here are five steps to navigate the VCM with confidence: 1. Understand What Makes a High-Quality Credit A credible credit represents one tonne of CO₂ reduced or removed that is additional, permanent, measurable, unique, and causes no harm. Businesses should assess every project against these benchmarks. 2. Prioritize CCP-Labeled Credits The CCP label is designed to signal integrity: 3. Use Independent Ratings and Certifications Complement CCP assessments with independent ratings (e.g., BeZero, Sylvera, Calyx Global). Look for co-benefit certifications (e.g., CCB, SD VISta) or verified SDG contributions, particularly if credits are tied to ESG commitments. 4. Demand Transparency and Conduct Due Diligence 5. Stay Engaged in Market Evolution The Business Case for Integrity The VCM is experiencing a “flight to quality.” Buyers and investors increasingly demand high-integrity credits, rewarding them with stronger demand and higher prices. Those who continue to buy low-integrity credits risk reputational damage, stakeholder pushback, and stranded assets. Integrity is not optional. For businesses, it is the price of entry into credible climate leadership. By aligning procurement strategies with the ICVCM’s CCPs and applying rigorous due diligence, companies can ensure that their carbon credits deliver not just symbolic offsets—but genuine climate and social impact.

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Understanding Financial Risks from Climate Change

Climate Risks, Risk, Sustainability /

Understanding Financial Risks from Climate Change Climate change is not just an environmental concern. It has emerged as a significant financial risk that can affect businesses, economies, and financial institutions alike. As the physical impacts of a warming planet intensify and the transition to a low-carbon economy accelerates, organizations are exposed to two major categories of climate-related financial risks: physical risks and transition risks. Global regulators, investors, and stakeholders are urging companies to take these risks seriously—embedding climate considerations into risk management frameworks, investment decisions, and long-term planning. Let’s break down these risks and what they mean for businesses and financial actors today. I. Physical Risks: Weathering the Immediate and Long-Term Impacts Physical risks stem from the direct effects of a changing climate on assets, infrastructure, people, and operations. These are classified into: These risks have significant financial consequences. For instance: Moreover, second-order effects—like forced migration, disease proliferation, and supply chain instability—can ripple through the economy. Modeling and Managing Physical Risks To quantify these impacts, financial institutions and companies are developing tools that combine hazard, exposure, and vulnerability metrics. One such tool is the Physical Climate Risk Appraisal Methodology (PCRAM), which helps map climate hazards to specific assets and assess their resilience. However, data remains a key constraint. High-quality, granular asset-level data—like building characteristics or insurance coverage—is often missing. Disclosures on physical risks are less advanced than those for transition risks and vary widely in definitions, metrics, and scope. Solutions include: Adaptation and Resilience Strategies Effective mitigation goes beyond quantification: II. Transition Risks: Navigating the Shift to a Low-Carbon Economy While physical risks relate to climate impacts, transition risks emerge from how the world responds to climate change. These risks arise from the policies, technologies, and societal shifts required to meet climate goals—especially those aligned with the Paris Agreement. Key drivers include: Stranded assets—assets that lose value prematurely—are a real threat in this context, impacting not just fossil fuel sectors but also real estate, agriculture, and heavy manufacturing. Assessing Transition Risk Assessing these risks requires understanding emission profiles, policy developments, technological disruptions, and stakeholder sentiment. Tools used include: Data challenges persist—especially for Scope 3 emissions, which cover upstream and downstream impacts in the value chain. Nonetheless, advanced AI tools like large language models can now parse public filings (e.g., 10-Ks) to identify climate-related risks and opportunities. Transition plans must be credible, front-loaded, and externally verifiable. Joining global campaigns like the Race to Zero, setting science-based targets, and regularly reporting progress under TCFD are crucial steps for businesses. III. Cross-Cutting Challenges and Regulatory Momentum Climate risk management today faces multiple hurdles: Regulators are stepping up: Enterprises are being encouraged to embed climate risks into Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) frameworks—defining climate-related risk appetites, evaluating strategic implications, and monitoring performance. IV. Climate Change as a Systemic Risk Climate risk is not confined to any one sector—it is systemic. It can affect everything from property values and supply chains to insurance markets and sovereign credit ratings. Financial institutions with significant exposures may face simultaneous pressures: declining asset values, rising defaults, liquidity crunches, and even regulatory sanctions. This raises the risk of a “climate Minsky moment”—a sudden and dramatic repricing of assets once the true scale of climate exposure becomes evident. The Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) has been proactive in studying how adaptation finance, protection gaps, and macroprudential risks are interconnected. How Endurisk Advisory Can Help At Endurisk Advisory, we specialize in guiding businesses and financial institutions through the evolving landscape of climate-related financial risks. Our services include: Our multidisciplinary approach combines technical knowledge, regulatory insight, and practical experience to build resilience and long-term value. Climate risk is no longer a distant threat—it’s a present financial reality. Let Endurisk help you anticipate, adapt, and thrive in the transition to a climate-resilient economy. Connect with us to explore how we can partner on your climate risk journey.

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GRI 103: Energy 2025 — Impact on Strategy

ESG, GRI Standards, Sustainability, Sustainability Reporting /

GRI 103: Energy 2025 — Impact on Strategy As the pressure mounts on businesses to show measurable progress on energy and climate commitments, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) has responded with a significantly more structured and outcome-oriented standard: GRI 103: Energy 2025. This updated standard offers a clear framework for companies to report how they manage their energy consumption, the associated environmental and social impacts, and their transition to more sustainable energy systems. For companies that have identified energy as a material topic, this standard is not just another reporting template — it is a roadmap to strengthen internal energy governance, assess risk and opportunity across the value chain, and disclose performance with credibility. What Is GRI 103: Energy 2025? GRI 103: Energy 2025 is a revised topic-specific standard under the GRI Standards framework, designed to guide companies in disclosing how they manage their energy-related impacts. Unlike previous iterations, which leaned heavily on activity-based data, this update puts more emphasis on governance, policies, performance metrics, and the systemic effects of energy consumption across the value chain. The standard supplements GRI 3: Material Topics, particularly Disclosure 3-3, which requires companies to explain how they manage any topic deemed material to their sustainability performance. If energy is considered material, GRI 103: Energy becomes applicable. Importantly, this new version will take effect for all reporting periods starting on or after 1 January 2027. Organizations are encouraged to begin early adoption to strengthen their readiness and reduce future compliance gaps. What Does the Standard Require? The standard includes two major areas: 1. Topic Management Disclosure (103-1): This focuses on energy-related governance, commitments, stakeholder engagement, and investment strategies. 2. Topic-Specific Disclosures (103-2 to 103-5): These cover quantitative and qualitative disclosures on consumption, energy intensity, and reductions across the business and its value chain. Let’s look at these areas in more detail. Topic Management (Disclosure 103-1) Organizations must disclose their policies and commitments on energy, especially how they relate to: The disclosure also requires companies to discuss how they engage with internal and external stakeholders — such as employees, suppliers, and local communities — to shape and inform their energy approach. Firms must also report on: Topic-Specific Disclosures (103-2 to 103-5) These focus on data-driven disclosures: How GRI 103 Can Help Transform Energy Management Within Organizations At first glance, GRI 103: Energy 2025 may appear to be a compliance or reporting tool. But for forward-looking organizations, it is much more — it provides a framework for internal transformation. With an eye on the future, organisations can use the learnings and experience from GRI 103 to set a strategy for energy transition. Here are a few pointers: 1. Establishing Strategic Governance on Energy By requiring companies to describe energy policies, commitments, and decision-making structures, the standard pushes leadership teams to treat energy as a strategic priority rather than an operational issue. It encourages the establishment of cross-functional ownership — involving finance, operations, procurement, and sustainability — in shaping the organization’s energy roadmap. 2. Bringing Visibility to Energy Use Across Operations Most companies understand their utility bills; fewer understand how energy is consumed across different activities or products. GRI 103 forces a granular mapping of energy use — by function, facility, and process — and creates the basis for identifying inefficiencies, unnecessary loads, or underutilized assets. This visibility supports better resource allocation and targeted investments in energy performance upgrades. 3. Embedding Energy Efficiency and Circularity into Core Processes The requirement to disclose energy intensity metrics and reductions — alongside the initiatives responsible for those gains — encourages continuous improvement. This drives companies to embed efficiency principles into equipment procurement, process design, and product development. It also aligns with broader circular economy thinking: reducing waste and improving energy performance across the product lifecycle. 4. Engaging Suppliers and Customers for Energy Impact GRI 103 includes value chain disclosures (upstream and downstream), nudging companies to collaborate with suppliers, service providers, and customers to optimize energy use beyond their own boundaries. This is critical, especially in high-emissions sectors like manufacturing, logistics, food, or consumer goods. Organizations can use the standard as a conversation starter for supplier performance programs, renewable energy sourcing, or redesigning high-energy products. 5. Building Credible Foundations for Net-Zero Commitments As more companies commit to net-zero targets, GRI 103 provides a way to link ambition with evidence. The standard requires companies to be transparent about: This rigor not only supports investor trust but also helps businesses avoid reputational risks linked to greenwashing. What Should Companies Do Now? Though the standard becomes mandatory from 2027, proactive steps today will enable a smoother transition and stronger strategic positioning. Confirm whether energy remains a material topic for your organization. If it is, begin aligning your existing management approach and disclosures with GRI 103. Map your current energy reporting — both internal and public — against the new disclosure requirements. Identify where data, systems, or policies fall short. GRI 103 requires inputs from multiple teams. Set up a working group that includes sustainability, finance, operations, and procurement functions. Begin dialogues with suppliers and distributors to understand their energy footprints. Collect data where possible and develop shared performance expectations. Consider smart metering, IoT devices, and energy analytics platforms that can enhance real-time monitoring and build a more detailed energy inventory. Use the framework to define short-, medium-, and long-term energy reduction or renewable energy goals. Link these to investment planning and operational KPIs. GRI 103: Energy 2025 represents a maturing of sustainability disclosure — moving beyond static metrics to strategic transparency and systemic change. For business leaders, it offers not just a reporting lens, but a transformation pathway. Organizations that embrace the standard early can leverage it to drive internal alignment, supply chain collaboration, and operational efficiency — all while building credibility with stakeholders in a climate-conscious world. How Endurisk Can Support Your Transition Endurisk Advisory works with organizations to embed sustainability and energy governance into core decision-making. We support clients in aligning with GRI 103: Energy 2025 by conducting materiality assessments, mapping energy

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Preparing for GRI 102: Climate Change

ESG, GRI Standards, Sustainability, Sustainability Reporting /

Preparing for GRI 102: Climate Change The global climate challenge is reaching an inflection point—and so are expectations from businesses. As financial regulators, investors, and consumers converge around demands for greater transparency and action on climate issues, companies must move beyond general pledges to deliver credible, structured, and measurable plans. The Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) newly released GRI 102: Climate Change 2025 is a pivotal response to this global need. The standard was released on 26 June 2025 This standard, which applies to sustainability reports published on or after January 1, 2027, provides a dedicated framework for organizations to disclose their climate change-related impacts and the actions they are taking to manage them. Critically, GRI 102 goes beyond emissions tracking; it brings a strategic lens to transition planning, adaptation readiness, and the principle of a just and inclusive transition. For companies that wish to lead—or even keep pace—this standard demands attention, preparation, and action now. What is GRI 102: Climate Change 2025? GRI 102 is the dedicated Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standard focused on climate change. It builds upon the foundation of GRI’s modular reporting framework and serves as a deep dive into an organization’s climate change mitigation and adaptation actions. The central aim of the standard is to enhance transparency around an organization’s impact on the climate and how it manages those impacts. It places strong emphasis on climate transition planning, adaptation, and just transition principles. Importantly, it also expects organizations to be aligned with global scientific efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C, consistent with the Paris Agreement. What Does the Standard Require? The disclosures under GRI 102 are structured into two major sections: Topic Management Disclosures and Topic Disclosures. 1. Topic Management Disclosures These focus on how an organization manages climate-related risks and opportunities: Both disclosures require information on: 2. Topic Disclosures These require specific, quantifiable data points: Scope-Wise GHG Emissions Reporting: A Deeper Dive A significant portion of GRI 102’s rigor lies in its detailed GHG emissions disclosures, separated by Scope 1, 2, and 3. This granularity allows stakeholders to understand where emissions originate, how they are measured, and how they are being reduced. Disclosure 102-5: Scope 1 GHG Emissions Scope 1 covers direct emissions from owned or controlled sources. Organizations are required to: This level of disclosure ensures consistency, transparency, and comparability over time. Disclosure 102-6: Scope 2 GHG Emissions Scope 2 includes indirect emissions from the use of purchased energy (electricity, heating, cooling, steam). Key requirements: This helps investors assess not only the emissions footprint, but also the energy procurement strategy of the company. Disclosure 102-7: Scope 3 GHG Emissions Scope 3 encompasses all other indirect emissions across the value chain—often the largest share of a company’s footprint. GRI 102 requires: By standardizing Scope 3 disclosures, GRI is pushing companies toward value chain accountability—a critical shift as more businesses assess supplier and customer-side emissions. Why This Standard Matters GRI 102 signals a shift in expectations. Organizations are being asked to demonstrate that they are not only measuring their emissions, but also planning, investing, and transitioning their operations in line with a net-zero future. It recognizes that climate action is not just technical—it is strategic. Companies need to rethink supply chains, redesign products, repurpose capital, and retrain their workforce. And they must do this transparently, accounting for both their environmental footprint and their social responsibility to workers and communities. What Companies Should Start Doing Now With the 2027 reporting deadline on the horizon, companies have a narrow but critical window to prepare. Below are five practical and strategic steps organizations should take now: 1. Understand Your Baseline Before setting targets or designing a transition plan, organizations must understand their current emissions profile across Scope 1 (direct), Scope 2 (indirect from energy), and Scope 3 (value chain) emissions. For many, Scope 3 will be the most complex and material. A comprehensive GHG inventory is the foundation for everything else. 2. Develop a Transition Plan A transition plan should not be an appendix—it must be central to business strategy. Start by identifying your most material emissions sources and the biggest levers for reduction. Then define clear milestones: Where do you want to be in 2030? In 2040? How will you phase out fossil fuels? What technologies or operating model shifts will be required? Importantly, GRI expects this plan to be costed. That means assigning capital and operational expenditure, which in turn requires leadership buy-in and financial integration. 3. Build Governance and Accountability Assign clear roles for climate transition oversight. This may involve setting up a sustainability steering committee or embedding responsibilities within the board and executive team. GRI 102 also asks how remuneration, incentives, and performance metrics are linked to climate action. This is an opportunity to hardwire climate ambition into decision-making. 4. Prepare for Social Impacts The emphasis on just transition means that companies must look beyond carbon and assess how the transition will affect jobs, communities, and livelihoods. Are roles being displaced by automation or renewable technologies? Are employees being trained in new skills? Are local communities being consulted? Organizations will need robust stakeholder engagement processes and risk management systems to manage these impacts. 5. Align Reporting with Broader Standards GRI 102 is aligned with ISSB S2 and can be used together. GRI 102 is consistent with the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), and Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). Companies reporting under CSRD will find strong alignment between GRI 102’s transition plan requirements and those in the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS E1). Rather than treating these as separate exercises, companies should integrate their sustainability data collection, governance, and reporting systems now to avoid duplication and improve consistency. GRI 102 sets a high bar, but it reflects a growing consensus: meaningful climate action cannot wait. For businesses, this is a moment of strategic reflection. Do we have a credible plan to navigate a low-carbon future? Are we prepared for regulatory scrutiny and stakeholder expectations? Are we aligning

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The UAE Climate Law Comes into Force: A Shift from Reporting to Strategy

ESG, Sustainability, UAE Climate Law /

30 May 2025 marks a pivotal moment for businesses operating in the UAE. The long-anticipated Federal Law on Climate Change comes into legal force today — and with it, a new chapter in how companies are expected to manage and report their climate impact.

Unlike previous environmental or sustainability guidelines, this law doesn’t stop at disclosure. It goes further — introducing mandatory systems, national-level coordination, and strategic alignment with the UAE’s Net Zero 2050 vision.

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Demystifying IFRS S1 and IFRS S2: The Global Language of Sustainability Disclosures

ESG, Sustainability, Sustainability, Sustainability Reporting /

As global investors increasingly demand reliable, comparable, and decision-useful sustainability information, IFRS S1 and S2 set the foundation for a unified approach to ESG disclosures. IFRS S1 establishes the overarching framework for identifying and reporting sustainability-related risks and opportunities that could affect enterprise value, while IFRS S2 focuses specifically on climate-related disclosures, including emissions, scenario analysis, and transition plans.

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Understanding the UAE Federal Climate Law: A Business-Centric Perspective

ESG, Sustainability, Sustainability, UAE Climate Law /

​Federal Decree-Law No. 11 of 2024, titled “On the Reduction of Climate Change Effects,” was enacted on August 28, 2024, and is scheduled to come into force on May 30, 2025. This nine-month interim period allows for the development of executive regulations, sector-specific guidelines, and preparatory measures by both public and private entities.

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Why Internal Audit Teams Must Prioritize Sustainability Concerns

Internal Audit, Risk, Sustainability /

Sustainability risks are no longer optional for internal audit teams—they are critical to business resilience. At Endurisk Advisory, we help organizations integrate ESG risks into their audit frameworks, ensuring compliance, risk mitigation, and long-term stability. From assessing climate-related disruptions to strengthening ESG reporting accuracy, we equip internal auditors with the tools to safeguard their organizations against emerging sustainability challenges. Let’s build a risk-resilient future together

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